199 research outputs found
Advocating Offering Health Communication Certificates: Answering Americaâs Needs
This paper discusses the need for curriculum development in health communication and specifically advocates for creation of health communication certificates. Related learning outcomes are discussed through the reporting of results of student questionnaires related to course materials
The introduction of âSafety Scienceâ into an undergraduate nursing programme at a large university in the United Kingdom
Implementing safety science {a term adopted by the authors which incorporates both patient safety and human factors (Sherwood, G. (2011). Integrating quality and safety science in nursing education and practice. Journal of Research in Nursing, 16(3), 226-240. doi: 10.1177/1744987111400960)} into healthcare programmes is a major challenge facing healthcare educators worldwide (National Advisory Group on the Safety of Patients in England, 2013; World Health Organisation, 2009). Patient safety concerns relating to human factors have been well-documented over the years, and the root cause(s) of as many as 65-80% of these events are linked to human error (Dunn et al., 2007; Reason, 2005). This paper will describe how safety science education was embedded into a pre-registration nursing programme at a large UK university. The authors argue that the processes described in this paper, may be successfully applied to other pre-registration healthcare programmes in addition to nursing. ©2016 by De Gruyter
School Engagement among Youth in Canadian Forces Families: A Comparative Analysis
There has been a growing body of literature on adolescents in military families since 2002. This research has focused on how frequent moves and parental deployments are two unique potential stressors for youth in military families, and are associated with negative school outcomes. Analyzing data collected from a school in a military community, and data from a national sample of Canadian youth, we examine the impact of military stressors on the school engagement of youth in military families. While we found evidence of residential mobility contributing to negative school engagement outcomes, we also found a positive association between school engagement and parental deployments. Surprisingly, relative to both the civilian youth in our sample and the national sample, military youth exhibited higher levels of school engagement when a parent has been deployed. Depuis 2002, de plus en plus dâĂ©tudes ont Ă©tĂ© publiĂ©es sur les adolescents de familles de militaires. Cette recherche explique que les dĂ©placements frĂ©quents et les dĂ©ploiements dâun parent constituent pour ces jeunes des agents de stress potentiels et uniques, et quâils sont associĂ©s Ă des rĂ©sultats scolaires nĂ©gatifs. Nous avons analysĂ© des donnĂ©es provenant dâune Ă©cole dans une communautĂ© militaire ainsi que des donnĂ©es tirĂ©es dâun Ă©chantillon national de jeunes canadiens pour Ă©tudier lâimpact des agents de stress dâorigine militaire sur lâimplication scolaire chez les jeunes de familles de militaires. Si nous avons trouvĂ© des indications que la mobilitĂ© rĂ©sidentielle contribuait aux rĂ©sultats scolaires nĂ©gatifs, nous avons Ă©galement trouvĂ© une association positive entre lâimplication scolaire et les dĂ©ploiements dâun parent. Ătonnamment, nous avons constatĂ© que, comparĂ©s aux jeunes civils dans notre Ă©chantillon et dans lâĂ©chantillon national, les jeunes de familles de militaires manifestent plus dâimplication scolaire pendant les dĂ©ploiements dâun parent.
Organic and total mercury determination in sediments by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry: methodology validation and uncertainty measurements
The purpose of the present study was to validate a method for organic Hg determination in sediment. The procedure for organic Hg was adapted from literature, where the organomercurial compounds were extracted with dichloromethane in acid medium and subsequent destruction of organic compounds by bromine chloride. Total Hg was performed according to 3051A USEPA methodology. Mercury quantification for both methodologies was then performed by CVAAS. Methodology validation was verified by analyzing certified reference materials for total Hg and methylmercury. The uncertainties for both methodologies were calculated. The quantification limit of 3.3 ”g kg-1 was found for organic Hg by CVAAS
Pattern and prevalence of vaping nicotine and non-nicotine drugs in the United Kingdom: a cross-sectional study
Objectives: Electronic vaping devices are being used to consume nicotine and non-nicotine psychoactive drugs. We aimed to determine the pattern and prevalence of using vaping devices for nicotine and/or non-nicotine drug administration in the United Kingdom and how these differ by drug type and individual sociodemographic characteristics. We explored reasons for vaping onset and continuation.
Design: An online cross-sectional survey
Participants: A convenience sample of adults (aged â„18 years) in the UK.
Primary and secondary outcome measures: The primary outcome was prevalence of current use (within the last 30 days) of a vaping device to administer either nicotine or 18 types of non-nicotine drugs. We additionally evaluated reasons for onset and continuation of vaping. Sociodemographic characteristics were compared between the UK general population using census data and those vaping non-nicotine drugs.
Results: We recruited 4027 participants of whom 1637 (40.7%) had ever used an electronic vaping device; 1495 (37.1%) had ever vaped nicotine and 593 (14.7%) had ever vaped a non-nicotine drug. Overall, 574 (14.3%) currently vaped nicotine and 74 (1.8%) currently vaped a non-nicotine drug. The most common currently vaped non-nicotine drug was cannabis (n=58, 1.4%). For nicotine, peopleâs modal reasons to start and continue vaping was to quit smoking tobacco. For almost all other drugs, peopleâs modal reason to start vaping was curiosity and to continue was enjoyment. Compared with the general population, the population who had ever vaped a non-nicotine drug were significantly younger, had more disabilities and fewer identified as white, female, heterosexual or religious.
Conclusions: A non-trivial number of people report current use and ever use of an electronic vaping device for non-nicotine drug administration. As vaping technology advances and drug consumption changes, understanding patterns of use and associated behaviours are likely to be increasingly important to both users and healthcare professionals
A cross-sectional survey of smoking and cessation support policies in a sample of homeless services in the United Kingdom
Background:
Smoking is extremely common amongst adults experiencing homelessness. To date, there is no nationally representative data on how tobacco dependence is treated and if and how smoking cessation is supported across the homeless sector. The aim of this study was to document smoking and e-cigarette policies of UK homeless services and identify areas of good practice and where improvements could be made.
Methods:
A cross-sectional survey with homeless centre staff was conducted between June 2020-December 2020 totalling 99 homeless centres. Quotas were stratified based on population and service type across Scotland, Northern Ireland, Wales, and England. Interviews were conducted over the phone or online in a minority of cases. Survey questions were themed to assess, i) onsite smoking and e-cigarette (vaping) policies ii) screening and recording of smoking status, iii) cessation training and resources available to staff, iv) cessation support for service users.
Results:
92% accounted for smoking within their policies in some form (stand-alone policy (56%) or embedded within another health and safety policy (36%)). 84% allowed smoking in at least some (indoor and outdoor) areas. In areas where smoking was not allowed, vaping was also disallowed in 96% of cases. Staff smoking rates were 23% and 62% of centres reported staff smoked with service users. Just over half (52%) reported screening and recording smoking status and 58% made referrals to Stop Smoking Services (SSS), although established links with SSS were low (12%) and most centres did not provide staff training on supporting smoking cessation. Areas of good practice included regular offers of smoking cessation support embedded in routine health reviews or visits from SSS and offering tangible harm reduction support. Areas for improvement include staff training, staff smoking with service users and skipping routine screening questions around smoking.
Conclusions:
Smoking is accounted for across different policy types and restricted in some areas within most settings. Smoking cessation support is not routinely offered across the sector and there is little involvement with the SSS
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